Comparing The Romans And The Han Dynasty Chinese - 907 Words

Both the Romans and the Han Dynasty Chinese had a lot in common even though they lived thousands of miles apart, but had many differences as well. Both civilizations lasted hundreds of years and accumulated each a population of more than fifty to sixty million inhabitants. While the two developed around the same time frame they spoke different languages, had different governments, and different ways of living. Their main way of food was agriculture. Both great civilizations had perfected the ways of trade and had built numerus roads to do so. Trade was their major source of money and exotic products such as cotton and spices. Additionally, both of them concentrated on territory expansion. While both these civilizations had many similarities in their economic structure they had a few differences as well. For the Roman Empire agriculture was its primary source of their food and wealth. The grew grains, olives, and grapes. Furthermore, out of those crops they made olive oil and wine sin ce that was one of their most important commodities. Most of the grain, grape, and olive products they made were then later traded or sold to other people. On the other hand, the Roman’s had a fairly negative approach to trading, considerably in the higher classes. Since having a surplus of crops and land was a status of wealth while manufacturing and commerce were seen as a lesser occupation. The rich landlords had many slaves to work in their fields to harvest their crops. However, even withShow MoreRelatedThe Han Dynasty And Roman Empire1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 B.C.E to 220 A.D, and Polybius wrote his account of Rome around 200 B.C.E. Though the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire existed simultaneously, they were vastly different because they were separated by thousands of miles and high mountain ranges. 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A Rose for Emily the Lottery Free Essays

Thuan Nguyen Dr. Robert Janusko English II 2/17/13 A Rose for Emily The Lottery Many short stories use a technique where they conceal the ending of the story while preparing the reader for the ending. In order to do that, the author uses methods of point of view and foreshadowing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Rose for Emily the Lottery or any similar topic only for you Order Now In â€Å"A rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Lottery â€Å"written by Shirley Jackson, the authors use both methods. The point of view used by William Faulkner in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in 1st person narration where the narrator is the observer of the protagonist. In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† she uses 3rd person point of view in which the narrator is not involved in the story. Like most stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Lottery† both use a literary device known as foreshadowing in which both of the authors give clues and hints throughout the story that lead the reader to upcoming happenings in the story and prepare the reader for the ending. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator is the observer of Emily Grierson who is the protagonist of the story. Narration in 1st person point of view keeps the reader wondering what is going to happen next because it controls the perspective which allows for more surprises. The author also uses foreshadowing in which hints and clues are given throughout the story to prepare the reader for expectations in the story. An example used in the story is how Emily Grierson was in denial and refused to admit that her father is dead. The story also says how Emily’s father was really protective of her and didn’t allow Emily Grierson to date any men because no one was good enough for her. Another example given was that the person that Emily Grierson has been dating, Homer Barron was a Northerner and Emily Grierson knew that her family would not approve of her dating a northerner. Both of these examples gives the reader the hint that the reason Emily Grierson had killed Homer Barron was because she needed a male in the house with her to protect her which is why she did not give up her father for three days. Also, the fact that she loved Homer Barron but felt guilty that he was a northerner because her family would not approve of her dating a northerner. The author also concealed the ending when he threw the reader off by telling the reader that while Homer is out of town Emily bought a poison known as Arsenic. This caused the reader to expect that she was going to kill herself because Homer Barron left her even though he was only going out of town for a few days. Then the narrator went on to tell the reader how Emily bought men’s items and a toilet set with Homer Barron’s initial on it to distract the reader away from the poison. This distraction was the author’s method of trying to conceal the ending while preparing the reader for the ending. The story also hint how there is a smell of decay in and around her house which usually means a dead corpse. At the end of the story Emily Grierson dies and up in the locked up second floor was a skeleton which was Homer Barron’s body. Next to Homer’s Body was a pillow with an indentation of a head and a strain of Emily’s hair. It was obvious that Emily had killed Homer Barron because Arsenic, which Emily purchased earlier, has side effects of edema. In â€Å"The Lottery†, Shirley Jackson writes the story in a 3rd person point of view which allows the reader to understand the situation from all sides. Since the story was in 3rd person point of view not all of the villagers thoughts were not revealed, which the reader eventually learns from the villagers’ argument that this is not something the people of the village would want to win. If the story were in 1st point of view from Mr. Hutchinson’s perspective then the narrator would have to explain how Mr. Hutchinson felt about the lottery, easily giving away the ending that someone was going to get stoned. Third person point of view allows the narrator to give bits of information though the actions and discussions of the villagers and not give away the ending. An example of this is when the narrator said â€Å"Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones†. The information given could most likely mean anything or just something meaningless. They could be playing a game with the rocks that he stuffed in his pockets. The story then reveals that the rocks were used to stone someone to death at the end. Some other clues and hints given in the stories was the saying by Old man Warner â€Å"Lottery in June, Corn be heavy soon† and the story also mentions a ritual. The saying â€Å"Lottery in June, Corn be heavy soon† is saying that population control is needed because Old an Warner also mentioned how there would be trouble if this tradition stopped due to lack of supplies. The term â€Å"Ritual† usually could mean death. The story was then easily given away that someone was going to be stoned when Tessie Hutchinson argued against her own husband for winning the lottery. It wouldn’t make sense to a rgue with your own spouse if they would win the lottery. Again, the story keeps you wondering what is going to happen next when they had to redraw the card and ends with Tessie Hutchinson being stoned to death. In conclusion, the authors used different points of views and also foreshadowing to conceal the ending while preparing the reader for the ending. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† used 1st person point of view effectively and only allowed the reader to be the observer of Emily Grierson instead of being in her point of view which helped conceal the ending of the story. â€Å"The Lottery† used 3rd person point of view effectively and concealed the ending by not revealing the villager’s thoughts. How to cite A Rose for Emily the Lottery, Essay examples

Consumer Buying Process Woolworth Limited

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Buying Process for Woolworth Limited. Answer: Introduction In 21st century changes is taking place in marketing strategies adopted by institutions and organizations for sustaining in the competition. Todays consumer lives in a world where there is continuous purchasing of goods and services. The companys survival is based upon gathering as much of information and amount of information generated that would display their purchasing habits (Kerin, 2006). This sustenance is possible only with developing relationship with customers for long-term by serving them as per their needs. Branding is an essential component in marketing in the modern era so it also considered as an asset. Marketing has evolved with time as now the focus is up on customer rather than on product. Each firm want to attract customers by providing them branded value for the product through customer satisfaction. This provides satisfaction to customers by being committed and would turn into repeat purchases. The other factor apart from customer satisfaction that affects purchasing process is quality, equity, trust and perceived value (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). The relationship that exists between important variables and consumer spending is cognition, learning, attitudes and perception. The organizations should know the customers feel and think, who are the customers and they choose specific brands for making the purchase. Consumers are having lot of information about the products and services so the brand must appeal to the customers by making it unique. Hence, this research is aimed towards analyzing the impact of customer satisfaction and brand in the buying process of consumer in relation to Woolworths. This is not only the largest grocery retailer in Australian market but also at the same time successful by having its own chains of stores (Woolworths Online, 2016). Literature Review As per Kapferer, (2008) brand is more than a product that is the composition of everything. Brand is treated as symbol or name that creates positive image in the minds of the customer. A brand is referred to as sign, name, design, term, symbol or a combination of the goods and services by differentiating the products from the competitors present in the marketplace. As said by Nepali, (2012) a brand is formed when a marketer establishes symbol for product, logo and name that impacts the purchasing decision of buyer. A brand is an essential element as it adds value to the product as they interpret meanings in them by providing effective services. As discussed in the study Krizanova and Stefanikova, (2012) the information from market is first generated then brand positioning takes place as for some brand is guarantee through marketing strategy. Whether the consumer notices or not brand impact a consumer and branding influencing consumer decision of buying the product. As per Khasawneh, Hasouneh, (2010) the reputation of the brand is recognized by customers in the decision of buying and demographic features have no link on brand awareness. Brand act as an essential tool for being in the competitive advantage (Doostar et al., 2012). As it has multidimensional structure in the opinion of customer as per the quality and value. As opined by Danesi, (2006) they make an assumption that is related to mental and emotional by perceiving value added to the service or product. As discussed by Kotler and Keller, (2009) nuts and bolts are also packaged by addressing them with automobile parts like tires, plugs, filters appear with brand name but the difference lies in automakers that made it. Each person is consumer so satisfying their desires and need by delivering them quality service is tough. According to Yang et al., (2004) satisfaction is quick process or experience displayed by the consumer from using the product by providing satisfaction that can be assessed. So, organizations have to generate information by making options and choices available in the marketplace. According to Shah et al., (2012) the intention of purchasing the products or service is decision making for purchasing the specific brand by consumer. This process is unique as the intention for purchasing it depends up on attitudes, perception and behavior. When a product is purchased the process is based up on both external and internal environment motivations (Gogoi, 2013). Thus, more the customer is aware of the brand the decision to purchase it will be more and having attitude towards the brand is also significant. The researchers have proposed that six stages have influenced consumer for taking the purchase decision and they are knowledge, preference, awareness, interest, purchase and persuasion (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). Hypothesis and Research Question Hypothesis Null Hypothesis (H0): Both brand and customer satisfaction impacts the consumer buying process Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Both customer satisfaction and brand does not impact the consumer buying process Research Questions How to determine the impact of customer satisfaction and brand in buying process in Woolworths? Different factors that impact consumer buying behavior with respect to brand? How to improve brand and customer satisfaction for purchasing services and products in Woolworths? What the different stages of purchasing the product in Woolworths? Measurement and Operation Definition This study is based on the investigation of the link and the variables impact that is included in the study. The variables used in the study could be both independent and dependent variable as independent variable is consumer buying process. The dependent variable is brand plus consumer satisfaction that is an important part. Research Methodologies: Analysis and Data Collection Sampling Techniques In this study the researcher would focus on collecting both secondary and primary data. Primary data is collected through both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data is possible with the survey method that is collected from the customers. Similarly, qualitative data is collected from the managers of Woolworths through the interview process. On the other hand, secondary data is collected from both offline and online sources (Jha, 2008). The online sources are journals, websites and peer- reviewed articles and offline sources are business magazines, newspapers and library sources. The customers who are surveyed in the process will be selected through probabilistic sampling by providing them with equal opportunity to participate in the survey process. Alternatively, the managers who are being interviewed will be chosen through non-probabilistic sampling. This is done in accordance with their busy schedule and participation process. The number chosen for both of them are: Customer: 90 Managers: 5 Analysis Methods The quantitative data would be represented via statistical techniques and tools such as graphs, charts, pie chart and tables and also with the help of SPSS software (Kumar, 2005). On the other hand, qualitative data is a subjective matter that would be reflected through presentation and analysis. Process of Research Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Main Activities/ Stages Selection of area of research Developing the aim, objectives, research questions and hypotheses Preparation of research proposal Conducting the literature review Identifying and selecting the data collection methods Preparing interview/survey, ethics form Collecting primary data Analyzing data Comparing findings Conclusion and recommendations à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   collecting feedback from the mentor à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   Finalizing and submission Expected Result In the study it is expected that customer satisfaction and brand in Woolworths is impacting the purchasing decision taken by consumers towards the marketer. Conclusion The research can be concluded with the fact that in making purchase of brands customer satisfaction should be present that would foster buying process of the products or service. The process is linked with objective and aims for achieving it effectively. References Danesi, M. (2006). Brands. New York: Routledge. Doostar, M., Akhlagh, E. M., abadi, M. K. i. (2012). Analysis of the Impact of Brand Assets on the Buying Decisions of Final Consumers. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(9), 8824-8832. Gogoi, b. (2013), Study of antecedents of purchase intention and its effect on brand loyalty of private label brand of apparel, International Journal of Sales Marketing, Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 73-86 Kapferer, J. (2008). The New Strategic Brand Management. Kogan Page Ltd. Kerin, R. (2006). Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Khasawneh, Hasouneh. (2010). The effect of familiar brand names on consumer behaviour: A Jordanian Perspective.International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 43, 33-57. Kotler P. Armstrong G. (2010), Principles of Marketing, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Nepalia. (2011). Brand management and its impact on consumer buying behavior. International Referred Reseach Journal, 1(17),113-114. Kotler, P and Keller, K.l. (2009), marketing management, 13th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Yang Zhilin, Peterson T. Robin, (2004), Customer Perceived Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty: The Role of Switching Costs, Psychology Marketing Vol.21 (10): p. 799-822 (October 2004) Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2006). Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Krizanova, A., Stefanikova, L. (2012). Importance of the brand for consumer purchasing decision in the slovak republic.Business Systems and Economics, 2(2), 25-38. Shah, H., Aziz, A., Jaffari, A. R., Waris, S., Ejaz,W., Fatima, M. and Sherazi., K.(2012), The Impact of Brands on Consumer Purchase Intentions, Asian Journal of Business Management 4(2): 105-110 Woolworths Online. (2016). Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016].